Anisotropic phase stiffness in infinite-layer nickelates superconductors.

Xu, Minyi; Qiu, Dong; Xu, Minghui; Guo, Yehao; Shen, Cheng; Yang, Chao; Sun, Wenjie; Nie, Yuefeng et al. · Nat Commun · 2025

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

In unconventional superconductors such as cuprates and iron pnictides and chalcogenides, phase stiffness-a measure of the energy cost associated with superconducting phase variations-governs the formation of superconductivity. Here we demonstrate a vector current technique enabling in-situ angle-resolved transport measurements to reveal anisotropic phase stiffness in infinite-layer nickelate superconductors. Pronounced anisotropy of in-plane resistance manifests itself in both normal and superconducting transition states, indicating crystal symmetry breaking. Remarkably, the electric conductivity of Nd<sub>0.8</sub>Sr<sub>0.2</sub>NiO<sub>2</sub> peaks at 125° between the direction of the current and crystal principal axis, but this angle evolves to 160° near zero-resistance temperature. Further measurements reveal that the phase stiffness maximizes along 160°, a direction distinct from the symmetry axis imposed by both electronic nematicity and the crystal lattice. Identical measurements conducted on a prototypical cuprate superconductor yield consistent results. By identifying the contrasting anisotropy between electron fluid and superfluid in both nickelates and cuprates, our findings provide clues for a unified framework for understanding unconventional superconductors.