Comparison of cardiovascular autonomic function and biomarkers between vitamin D insufficient and deficient people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus.
cross_sectional · Level IV
Where this comes from
- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 40726661.
- Also identified by DOI 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1804_24 and PMC identifier 12296275.
- Licence recorded as CC BY-NC-SA.
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Abstract
Vitamin D is a neuroactive hormone having influence on several biological functions. Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunctions as well as inflammation and oxidative stress are evident in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with the development and progression of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunctions in T2DM. Vitamin D insufficiency is prevalent in T2DM. However, the autonomic function status and biomarkers in vitamin D deficient and vitamin D insufficient newly diagnosed T2DM subjects are not clear. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the cardiovascular autonomic function and biomarkers between vitamin D insufficient and vitamin D deficient people with newly diagnosed T2DM. Newly diagnosed 47 T2DM subjects (mean age 38 ± 4.2 years) were recruited based on American Diabetes Association criteria. They were divided into vitamin D deficient (<20 ng/ml; <i>n</i> = 30) and vitamin D insufficient group (20-30 ng/ml, <i>n</i> = 17) according to Endocrinology Society guidelines. Heart rate variability (HRV), baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and conventional autonomic function tests, 25 (OH) D, oxidative stress parameters and inflammatory markers were measured. Compared to the vitamin D insufficient group, the vitamin D deficient group showed significantly decreased 25 (OH) D (<i>P</i> < 0.001), BRS (<i>P</i> = .004), high frequency (normalised units) (<i>P</i> < .001), total power (<i>P</i> = .048), adiponectin (<i>P</i> = .050); and significantly increased low frequency (normalised units) (<i>P</i> = .036) and low frequency: high frequency ratio (<i>P</i> = .038), malondialdehyde (<i>P</i> < .001), interleukin-6 (<i>P</i> = .009), fibroblast growth factor-21 (<i>P</i> = .043), and redox ratio (<i>P</i> = .005). The present study found the vitamin D deficient group had a reduced parasympathetic and higher sympathetic tone along with greater oxidative stress and inflammation compared to the vitamin D insufficient group in newly diagnosed T2DM subjects.