Superdurable, Flexible Ceramic Nanofibers for Sustainable Passive Radiative Cooling.

Chen, Dai-Chi; Hwang, Ching-Wen; Chang, Ching Yin; Kuo, Chia-Ling; Chen, Hsuen-Li; Lan, Pin-Hui; Tsai, Meng-Ting; Wang, Tzu-Wei et al. · ACS Nano · 2025

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Passive daytime radiative cooling can mitigate global warming but requires durable and resilient materials for real-world applications. Here, a robust superhydrophobic ZrO<sub>2</sub>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanofiber (sh-ZANF) membrane is fabricated via electrospinning followed by fluorine-free surface modification. Optically engineered sh-ZANF attains an extremely high solar reflectivity of 97.7% due to strong scattering at numerous fiber/air interfaces with a high refractive index contrast (<i>n</i><sub>fiber</sub> = 2.04, <i>n</i><sub>air</sub> = 1). sh-ZANF also possesses a high atmospheric transparency window emissivity of 95.6% originating from phonon-polariton resonances of abundant Al-O/Zr-O bonds without a strong Reststrahlen effect. The optimal sh-ZANF membrane demonstrates subambient cooling of 6.6 °C and a maximum cooling power of 125 W/m<sup>2</sup> under 817 W/m<sup>2</sup> solar irradiance. Coverage by sh-ZANF cools building models, automobile models, and hand-held cameras under sunlight by 14.7 °C, 16.8 °C, and 11.1 °C, respectively. Equipping buildings with sh-ZANF is estimated to save more than 10 MJ/m<sup>2</sup> annually and reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emission by up to 27%. Moreover, these all-ceramic nanofibers can withstand temperatures exceeding 1400 °C, safeguarding buildings and their occupants during fire emergencies. Our sh-ZANF also displays attractive self-cleaning properties and successfully passes accelerated environmental aging tests, suggesting its applicability for future energy-efficient and sustainable cooling strategies.