Spatial Crystallization Homogenization Boosts Scalable Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes.

Xia, Yu; Li, Jia-Cheng; Zhang, Zhipeng; Li, Nan; Wang, Ye; Li, Yu-Han; Wang, Kai-Li; Chen, Chun-Hao et al. · Adv Mater · 2025

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Conventional antisolvent dripping methods face fundamental limitations in controlling crystallization kinetics, particularly manifesting as instantaneous nucleation and severe spatial inhomogeneity in scaled-up perovskite films. Herein, a microdroplet-phase antisolvent deposition technique is developed that establishes a controlled crystallization environment through delayed nucleation kinetics via mild antisolvent interaction and uniform microdroplet diffusion across extended substrates. The resulting small-area (0.1 cm<sup>2</sup>) device attains an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 30.98% at 515 nm, ranking among the best-performing green perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). A remarkable EQE of 23.21% is also realized when the active area expands to 6.25 cm<sup>2</sup>. This work provides a fundamental advancement in perovskite crystallization control and demonstrates a viable pathway toward industrial-scale production of PeLEDs.