Synergetic Structural Optimizations of Zinc Anodes and Electrolytes to Enable Zinc-Iodine Batteries with Excellent Low-Temperature Performances.
basic_science · Level V
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- Also identified by DOI 10.1021/acsnano.5c07752.
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Abstract
Challenges like zinc dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, and electrolyte freezing hinder the development of aqueous Zn-based batteries. To address these issues, we implemented synergetic structural optimizations. A stress-mediated (002)-textured Zn anode was fabricated and characterized via cross-sectional electron channeling contrast. Additionally, ethylene glycol was used to further promote planar Zn electrodeposition via regulation of its kinetics, with Zn crystal nucleation observed. Interestingly, low concentrations of I<sup>-</sup> ions were incorporated into the ZnSO<sub>4</sub> electrolyte and formed a hydrophobic inner Helmholtz plane on the Zn anode, effectively suppressing hydrogen evolution. As a result, the modified Zn symmetric battery achieved an impressive 7710 h of stable cycling at 5 mA cm<sup>-2</sup>/1 mAh cm<sup>-2</sup> and 1800 h at 12 mA cm<sup>-2</sup>/6 mAh cm<sup>-2</sup>. Furthermore, the modified Zn-I<sub>2</sub> battery demonstrated an outstanding low-temperature performance, delivering a discharge capacity of 89 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> at 0.2 A g<sup>-1</sup> after 2300 cycles at -30 °C.