Engineering Graded Magnetic Anisotropy via Cation Interdiffusion in Core/Shell Nanoparticles.

Orozco-Henao, Juan M; Almeida, Adriele A; Fabris, Fernando; Floridia Addato, María A; Fonticelli, Mariano H; Muraca, Diego; Lavorato, Gabriel C · Nano Lett · 2025

basic_science · Level V

Where this comes from

Abstract

Spinel ferrite nanoparticles (NPs) with controlled composition, size, and morphology have offered a wide range of functional properties, but engineering nonhomogeneous composition profiles remains elusive. Here, we use Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> core/shell NPs as precursors to prepare compositionally graded NPs via controlled interfacial diffusion of metal cations. Electron-microscopy-based elemental mapping reveals that thermal annealing above 200 °C in an oxygen-rich atmosphere transforms the initially sharp core/shell interface into a compositionally graded spinel structure with a Co-rich outer layer. This cation redistribution results in pronounced changes in the magnetic properties, including a remarkable increase in coercivity and high-field susceptibility. Enhancement in the effective anisotropy is quantitatively described by modeling the time-dependent Co diffusion, enabling estimation of the cation diffusivity. These findings demonstrate a robust strategy for preparing anisotropy-graded spinel ferrite NPs, offering a broadly applicable approach to tailoring the properties of complex metal oxide nanostructures.