Metabolic syndrome-associated kidney disease in young adolescents and children.

Raina, Rupesh; Hu, Jieji; Chan, Eugene Yu-Hin; Hinton, Jared; Mitsnefes, Mark M · Kidney Int · 2025

review · Level V

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Abstract

The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity has led to a corresponding rise in metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is associated with a significant risk of kidney disease. There is a complex relationship between pediatric obesity and MetS, with metabolic derangements such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance, contributing to kidney damage through multiple mechanisms. A focus on pediatric cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health may lead to improvements in diagnosis, treatment, and management of MetS and kidney disease. This review aims to comprehensively evaluate MetS as a significant cause of kidney disease in children.

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