Highly efficient all-perovskite photovoltaic-powered battery with dual-function viologen for portable electronics.

Gong, Jie; Gao, Danpeng; Zhang, Hang; Liang, Xiongyi; Li, Bo; Liu, Qi; Qian, Liangchen; Li, Xintong et al. · Nat Commun · 2025

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Photovoltaic-powered batteries offer a promising integrated solution for sustainable energy in portable electronics, yet conventional designs face challenges in integration, miniaturization, and flexibility. We address this through a dual-functional, material-sharing strategy using ethyl viologen diiodide to achieve synergistic performance enhancement in photovoltaic-powered batteries. The ethyl viologen diiodide-modified perovskite solar cells exhibit 26.11% efficiency and retain 96.2% of their original performance after 1000 h of continuous use. Batteries employing ethyl viologen diiodide-derived perovskitoid cathodes show 296.1 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> at 0.5 A g<sup>-1</sup>, with a capacity retention of 89% after 10,000 cycles at 5 A g<sup>-1</sup>. The resulting all-perovskite-based integrated devices show an overall energy conversion efficiency of 18.54%, with flexible versions achieving 17.62% efficiency and stable photo-charging/discharging cyclability over 100 cycles. These flexible devices reliably power a wearable glucose monitor in intelligent control mode for 24 h, demonstrating their potential for next-generation portable electronics applications.