Abiotic synthesis during the interaction of ferrous chloride-rich silicic fluids with marble under high-grade metamorphic conditions.

Fei, Chenhui; Guo, Shun; Li, Yibing; Liu, Jingbo · Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · 2025

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Ferrous chloride-rich silicic fluid and melt infiltration led to the decarbonation of dolomitic marble in the Chinese Sulu ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic terrain under temperatures ranging from 670 to 800 °C, pressures from the aragonite + albite to calcite stability fields and the oxygen fugacities between the hematite-magnetite and pyrite-pyrrhotite-magnetite buffers, resulting in the formation of olivine marble and diopsidite. The inclusions in zircons trapped during the decarbonation process suggest that the H<sub>2</sub>-producing reaction 3FeCl<sub>2</sub> (aq) + 3CaCO<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O = Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (magnetite) + 3CaCl<sub>2</sub> (aq) + 3CO<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub> occurred and that it induced magnetite-catalyzed Fischer-Tropsch-type synthesis, as indicated by the presence of whewellite, disordered carbonaceous material, CH<sub>4</sub>, and CO in the inclusions. The results of this study highlight the role of aqueous Fe in generating H<sub>2</sub> and magnetite and have far-reaching implications for carbon speciation and solubility in deep fluids and for endogenic abiotic synthesis, which may be pivotal in the prebiotic occurrence of organic compounds on Earth.