Massive losses and gains of northern land carbon stocks since the Last Glacial Maximum.

Lindgren, Amelie; Kuhry, Peter; Holloway, Max; Lu, Zhengyao; Tanski, George; Hugelius, Gustaf · Sci Adv · 2025

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

The dynamics of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations during and following the last deglaciation have mainly been ascribed to carbon release from and uptake in oceans, primarily in the Southern Ocean. But recent studies also point toward a terrestrial influence. We quantify dynamic changes to northern terrestrial carbon stocks from the Last Glacial Maximum (21,000 years) until present at millennial time steps using a combination of paleo-data and climate-biome modeling. During the deglaciation, northern land carbon storage declined by >300 petagrams of carbon with a minimum around 11,000 years, followed by progressively higher land carbon stocks during the Holocene. We find evidence that dynamic changes in terrestrial land carbon stocks were of a scale to exert large influence on atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations and that postglacial terrestrial carbon stock dynamics were dominated by losses from permafrost-affected loess and gains into peatlands.