Relationship Between Early Cartilage Degeneration With T1ρ and T2 Analysis in Medial Tibial Cartilage and 10-Year Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis Progression After ACL Reconstruction.

Abstract

Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI), such as T1ρ and T2 mapping, allows for the characterization of the biochemical composition of cartilage and the detection of early degeneration within 1 year after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). It remains unclear if early imaging biomarkers are associated with the long-term development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). The study aimed to investigate the relationship between qMRI-based evaluation of the medial compartment at baseline and 1 year after ACLR and the knee joint morphological status using 3-dimensional (3D) MRI at a 10-year follow-up. It was hypothesized that elevated T1p and T2 values at 1 year after ACLR would correlate with increased degenerative joint disease at 10 years after ACLR. Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Patients with ACLR between 2011 and 2014 who had preoperative bilateral qMRI were included. Thirteen patients completed the 10-year follow-up and were evaluated. The mean T1ρ and T2 values at baseline and 1 year were obtained using in-house-developed software with MATLAB. The MRI scans at the 10-year follow-up were acquired using a 3-T MRI scanner, including bilateral 3D proton-density fat-saturated fast-spin-echo sequence. Two radiologists used the modified Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) to grade the images. The correlations between baseline, 1-year, and delta (1 year - baseline) T1ρ/T2 values and the WORMS at 10 years postoperatively were analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Significance was defined as a <i>P</i> value <.05. The baseline, 1-year, and delta medial tibia (MT) T1ρ values were significantly associated with the 10-year WORMS Total Score (<i>r</i> = 0.604, <i>P</i> = .031; <i>r</i> = 0.604, <i>P</i> = .031; and <i>r</i> = 0.582, <i>P</i> = .039, respectively). The MT T2 value at 1 year postoperatively was significantly associated (<i>r</i> = 0.566; <i>P</i> = .046) with the 10-year WORMS Total Score. The T1ρ/T2 values 1 year postoperatively and the increase from baseline to 1 year in the MT cartilage after ACLR were associated with the deterioration of the comprehensive evaluation of the knee at 10 years postoperatively. These findings help establish qMRI as a valuable biomarker for detecting early signs of PTOA progression.