Temporal satisfaction patterns in body image after aesthetic surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract

Understanding how body image satisfaction evolves following aesthetic surgery is crucial for psychological adaptation and clinical practice. We systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed satisfaction trends over time following aesthetic surgery to elucidate the psychological adaptation process. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO (2010-2024) for studies reporting satisfaction at multiple post-operative time points. This review was registered on PROSPERO CRD420251054218. Random-effects meta-analysis synthesized satisfaction rates, with subgroup analyses by procedure type. Meta-regression explored psychological and demographic predictors. Twenty-seven studies (N=4823 patients) demonstrated satisfaction that increased rapidly then plateaued over time: 71.4% at 1 month, 82.6% at 3 months, 87.2% at 6 months, 91.5% at 12 months, and 93.8% at 24 months. Psychological screening (β=0.134, p<0.001) and age (β=0.012/year, p<0.001) positively predicted satisfaction, while body mass index (β=-0.024/unit, p=0.001) and revision surgery (β=-0.187, p<0.001) negatively predicted outcomes. Breast procedures showed the highest satisfaction (93.2% at 12 months), while rhinoplasty showed the lowest (86.3% at 12 months). Body image satisfaction following aesthetic surgery follows predictable adaptation patterns consistent with hedonic adaptation theory. The initial rapid increase reflects immediate post-operative relief, while subsequent stabilization represents integration into self-concept. Results support psychological screening and realistic expectation-setting for optimal outcomes. Limitations include heterogeneous measurement tools, publication bias, and limited long-term follow-up beyond 24 months.