Multiparametric Ultrasound for Preoperative Assessment of Parotid Tumors: A Novel Diagnostic Pathway.

Abstract

Accurate preoperative differentiation of parotid gland tumors (PGTs) is essential for facial nerve preservation. This study evaluates a novel, real-time multiparametric ultrasound (mpUS) approach combining B-mode, shear wave elastography (SWE), and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), based on qualitative image interpretation. Eighty-nine patients with 91 PGTs underwent mpUS prior to surgery or ultrasound-guided biopsy. Two blinded experts independently reviewed the images and reached consensus through real-time discussion. Only qualitative features were assessed. Histopathology served as the reference. mpUS achieved 83% sensitivity (95% CI: 62.6-94.0), 94% specificity (95% CI: 84.3-98.1), and 91% accuracy (95% CI: 82.4-96.3). CEUS and SWE provided complementary perfusion and stiffness data. CCDS was excluded due to limited value. mpUS improves diagnostic accuracy compared to single-modality US and supports early, targeted treatment. Limitations include the small number of malignancies, single-center design, and qualitative evaluation. Broader use may require training and equipment access.