Risk Factors for Incidental Durotomy in Initial Posterior Decompression Surgery for Lumbar Central Canal Stenosis with Bilateral Neurogenic Claudication.

Abstract

To identify significant risk factors for incidental durotomy (ID) in initial posterior decompression surgery for lumbar central canal stenosis and to explore whether these risks vary by surgical approach through subgroup analyses. This study included patients who underwent single-level posterior decompression surgery for lumbar central canal stenosis with bilateral neurogenic claudication at eight hospitals between April 2017 and May 2023. Patient demographics, comorbidities, and surgical details, including surgeon certification status, were collected. Statistical analyses included the chi-square test or Fisher exact test for categorical variables and Student t test for continuous variables. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed for the entire cohort and subgroups stratified by surgical approach. ID occurred in 6.3% (95/1512) of cases. For the entire cohort, both univariate and multivariate analyses identified female sex, oral anticoagulant/antiplatelet use, and oral steroid use as significant risk factors. However, the independent risk factors for ID differed by surgical approach. In conventional open laminectomy, multivariate analysis identified oral anticoagulant/antiplatelet use (odds ratio [OR] 3.0, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15-7.67) and oral steroid use (OR 5.8, 95% CI: 1.38-24.8) as significant risk factors. In contrast, in microendoscopic surgery, female sex (OR 2.0, 95% CI: 1.19-3.47) was a significant risk factor, while surgery performed by a certified instructor was protective (OR 0.46, 95% CI: 0.29-0.82). Risk factors for ID are dependent on surgical approach. For open procedures, pharmacological factors are paramount, while for microendoscopic procedures, female sex and surgeon experience are critical. Preventive strategies should be tailored to the surgical method.