Distribution of the entanglement entropies of nonergodic quantum states.

Abstract

The increasing relevance of Haar ensembles of pure ergodic quantum states for quantum information processes has been eclipsed by the challenges in their experimental realization. As a result, alternative ensembles are needed that can approach them approximately. This motivates us to begin from a multiparametric ensemble of pure bipartite states, nonuniformly distributed in Hilbert space, and to seek a route to Haar ensembles by changing the ensemble parameters and thereby the entanglement entropy distribution. We show that the latter's variation is not sensitive to individual details of the ensemble parameters, rather it is governed collectively, i.e., it is a function of all of them and can thus be described by a common mathematical formulation for a wide range of nonergodic states. This has important implications for quantum state engineering: access from an arbitrary initial state ensemble to Haar ensembles can be controlled just by a single function representing collective information about the ensemble parameters.