The Effect of Chewing Gum on Postoperative Gastrointestinal Function Recovery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Abstract

This study systematically evaluates the effectiveness of chewing gum as a nonpharmacological intervention to facilitate gastrointestinal recovery after gastrointestinal surgery. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases up to factor influencing patient recovery. 18, 2025, focusing on randomized controlled trials comparing chewing gum use versus standard care postsurgery. Data were synthesized through systematic review and meta-analysis according to PRISMA guidelines. Key outcomes included time to first postoperative flatus and bowel movement, hospital stay length, and incidence of postoperative bowel obstruction. Thirty-five trials involving 4,898 patients met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis showed significant reductions in time to first postoperative flatus (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -12.19 hours; 95% confidence interval [CI] [-15.41, -8.98]; P < 0.00001), time to first bowel movement (WMD = -19.54 hours; 95% CI [-25.39, -13.68]; P < 0.00001), and hospital stay (WMD = -0.93 days; 95% CI [-1.3, -0.56]; P < 0.00001). A decrease in postoperative bowel obstruction incidence was also noted (relative risk [RR] = 0.7; 95% CI [0.56, 0.89]; P = 0.004). No significant effects on bloating, vomiting, nausea, or time to first feeding were observed. Chewing gum is a safe and cost-effective adjunct to postoperative care, enhancing gastrointestinal recovery. Its inclusion in postoperative protocols is recommended for appropriate patients to improve recovery outcomes. Further studies are needed to examine long-term benefits and implementation in clinical settings.