Multifunctional Physical and Chemical Stimuli Detection in Single-Module Device for Health Monitoring.

Abstract

Flexible multifunctional sensors that can perceive multiple human physiological and environmental stimuli simultaneously are of paramount importance for the advancement of smart health monitoring, human-machine interface, and intelligent robotics. Nevertheless, both the integration of single-function sensors into multifunctional devices and the development of single-module multifunctional sensors (SMS) remain extremely challenging due to difficulties in device structure design, functional integration, and controlled preparation of on-demand composite active materials. Herein, we demonstrate a single-module multifunctional sensor (SMS) based on three-dimensional (3D) printed graphene-based platform for the multifunctional detection of various physical and chemical stimuli that features structural and functional programmability. By integrating selected active materials into one graphene-based sensing platform, we developed multifunctional sensors with five functions that can sensitively monitor pulse rate, body temperature, sweat (Na⁺), gas (NO₂), and light (solar UV radiation) simultaneously. The programmability of the structure and function of 3D-printed sensing materials, coupled with the modular device structure design, enables the integration of diverse functionalities according to various application scenarios, thus facilitating the development of smart healthcare wearables.