A comparison of the efficacy of 5% glucose and saline solution in shoulder joint hydraulic distension for the treatment of frozen shoulder.

Abstract

This prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a 5% glucose solution compared to normal saline for treating frozen shoulder via shoulder joint hydraulic distension. A total of 100 participants were randomly assigned to either the 5% glucose group (1 ml compound betamethasone +4 ml 2% lidocaine +15 ml 5% glucose) or the saline group (1 ml compound betamethasone +4 ml 2% lidocaine +15 ml normal saline). Patients were assessed at 1, 4, and 12 weeks post-treatment using the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, the Numerical Rating Scale for pain, and active range of motion. Substantial improvements were demonstrated by both treatment groups at all follow-up points (1, 4, and 12 weeks), as reflected by a decrease in Shoulder Pain and Disability Index score. However, the 5% glucose group showed significantly lower Shoulder Pain and Disability Index scores than the saline group at 4 and 12 weeks (P = 0.003 and P < 0.05, respectively). This group also experienced significantly greater improvements in shoulder abduction at 4 weeks (P = 0.003) and extension at 12 weeks (P = 0.001) than the saline group. No significant differences were noted between the groups in Numerical Rating Scale scores or shoulder range of motion at other time points. For patients with painful frozen shoulder lasting over a month, both treatments resulted in substantial pain relief and improved function. The 5% glucose solution produced more pronounced benefits at 4 and 12 weeks, particularly with regard to pain relief and increased shoulder mobility. Key messages What is already known about this topic: Although extensive research has been conducted on frozen shoulder, the most effective treatment has yet to be identified. What does this study contribute: This is the first study to use a 5% glucose solution as the primary distending agent in shoulder joint hydraulic distension for frozen shoulder (FS), which is a novel approach not previously explored in the literature. How might this study affect research, practice or policy: This study provides a new clinical protocol for the treatment of frozen shoulder.