Lead-Free Trirelaxor Ferroelectrics: High Energy Storage Capacity in the Paraelectric State and Broad Operating Temperature Range.
basic_science · Level V
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- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 41002008.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1002/adma.202509323.
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Abstract
The development of lead-free dielectric capacitors capable of reliable operation across extreme temperatures is crucial for next-generation energy storage technologies. While relaxor ferroelectrics below the Burns temperature (T<sub>B</sub>) have demonstrated promising energy storage characteristics via polar nanoregions (PNRs), their performance typically deteriorates above T<sub>B</sub>. Surprisingly, a trirelaxor-a state composed of PNRs is reported with three coexisting symmetries (tetragonal, orthorhombic, and rhombohedral)-that exhibits high energy storage performance in the paraelectric state above T<sub>B</sub>. In lead-free Bi(Mg<sub>2/3</sub>Nb<sub>1/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>-doped Ba(Zr,Ti)O<sub>3</sub>-(Ba,Ca)TiO<sub>3</sub> perovskite ceramics, the trirelaxor above T<sub>B</sub> achieves a remarkable energy storage density of 9.3 J cm<sup>-3</sup> and an efficiency of 93%, which is comparable to the performance of other lead-free dielectrics measured below T<sub>B</sub>. More importantly, the high energy storage properties of trirelaxor above T<sub>B</sub> enable the material to exhibit excellent comprehensive energy storage performance over a broad operating temperature range of -90 to 200 °C, which outperforms existing lead-free perovskite dielectric materials. This work provides new insights into developing desirable energy-storage dielectrics with high energy storage performance over an extended operating temperature range.