Tuberculosis-related vasculitis presenting as multisystem organ infarcts: A case report.

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major global health concern, particularly in regions where it is endemic. While TB commonly affects the lungs and extrapulmonary sites, its presentation as vasculitis leading to multiple organ infarcts is an extremely rare phenomenon. This case report describes a 34-year-old female who developed simultaneous infarctions in the spleen, kidney, and lungs due to TB-related vasculitis. The diagnosis was established through clinical presentation, imaging studies, and confirmation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis via sputum CBNAAT. The patient was successfully managed with antitubercular therapy (ATT) and corticosteroids, demonstrating significant clinical improvement. The rarity of multisystem infarcts caused by TB underscores the importance of considering tuberculous vasculitis in the differential diagnosis of unexplained infarcts, particularly in endemic regions. Early detection and timely intervention are crucial in preventing severe complications and improving patient outcomes.