A Narrative Review of the Cervical Spine Deformity Classification Systems.

Abstract

This paper reviews several recent cervical spine deformity classifications with the goal of contextualizing these efforts, and providing a overview of the subject to date. Cervical spine deformity is a complex and heterogenous disorder encompassing pathology from the craniocervical junction to the cervicothoracic junction. It can arise from focal pathology, regional or global malalignment and can convey significant functional impairment and morbidity, and surgical management can represent a technical and conceptual challenge. In the last 15 years multiple classification systems have been published to aid in clinical communication and guide treatments. A PubMed search was performed to identify publications on cervical spine deformity classifications. Five classification schemes were identified and reviewed in this publication. Particular care was taken to contextualize them with regards to clinical suitability. Cervical deformity classifications continue to evolve, mirroring advances in understanding of pathophysiology, etiology, and clinical management of this heterogenous disorder.