Cryo-EM structure of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae SDH provides a template for eco-friendly fungicide discovery.

Abstract

Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is a key fungicidal target, but rational inhibitors design has been impeded by the lack of fungal SDH structure. Here, we show the cryo-EM structure of SDH from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ScSDH) in apo (3.36 Å) and ubiquinone-1-bound (3.25 Å) states, revealing subunits architecture and quinone-binding sites (Q_p). ScSDH is classified as a heme-deficient type-D SDH, utilizing conserved redox centers (FAD, [2Fe-2S], [4Fe-4S] and [3Fe-4S] clusters) for electron transfer. A 3.23 Å structure with pydiflumetofen (PYD) identified critical interactions, including hydrogen bonds with Trp_SDHB194 and Tyr_SDHD120, and a cation-π interaction with Arg_SDHC97. Leveraging this, we designed a SDH inhibitor E8 (enprocymid), exhibiting significant fungicidal activity (K_i = 0.019 μM) and reduced zebrafish toxicity (LC₅₀ (96 h) = 1.01 mg a.i./L). This study elucidates the structure of fungal SDH and demonstrates the potential of ScSDH for rational design of next-generation fungicides, addressing fungal resistance and environmental toxicity in agriculture.