D3 lymph node dissection in colon cancer patients aged 90 years and over: Is it justified? A multi-institutional retrospective study.

Abstract

The oncological benefit of D3 lymph node dissection (D3 LND) for colon cancer in patients aged ≥90 years remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of D3 LND on outcomes in this specific, vulnerable population. This retrospective cohort study evaluated 166 patients aged ≥90 years with pathological Stages II-III colon cancer undergoing non-D3 or D3 LND from a multicentre database (2011-2022). Postoperative complications, overall survival and cancer-specific survival were compared between LND groups using propensity score-weighted analyses. D3 LND group had significantly more females and laparoscopic procedures. Operation time was longer, and blood loss was lower in the D3 LND group. Postoperative complications and severe complications were significantly fewer, and postoperative hospital stay was shorter in the D3 LND group. The number of harvested lymph nodes and distal margin was significantly higher in the D3 group. While unadjusted analysis showed better overall survival with D3 LND (p < 0.001), adjusted cancer-specific survival showed no significant difference (p = 0.10). Adjusted mortality risk was significantly higher in the non-D3 group (p = 0.001). In nonagenarian colon cancer patients, D3 LND is safe and feasible without increasing complications, but lacks survival benefit. Careful consideration is warranted, and high-quality D2 LND must be consistently ensured when limited surgery is chosen.