Engineered Crystalline Heterostructure Interphase Enabling Dendrite-Free Sodium Metal Anodes with Long-Term Stability.
basic_science · Level V
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- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 41099139.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1002/adma.202512214.
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Abstract
The advancement of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) critically depends on the development of stable sodium metal anodes (SMAs). However, practical implementation remains hindered by uncontrollable dendritic growth and uneven Na stripping/plating behavior associated with pristine sodium metal. In this study, the design of a robust triphasic heterojunction artificial interphase is reported, formed via a spontaneous in situ reaction between Ag<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> and metallic sodium. The resulting Ag<sub>2</sub>Na/Ag/Na<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> interphase synergistically combines metallic, alloy, and ionic phases to simultaneously regulate ion transport and suppress dendrite formation. Specifically, the Ag<sub>2</sub>Na alloy and metallic Ag components ensure strong interfacial adhesion and enhanced electronic conductivity, while the Na<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> phase promotes homogeneous Na⁺ ion flux and accelerates surface diffusion via its desolvation capability. Benefiting from this engineered interface, the Na/Ag<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> anode exhibits a remarkably low nucleation overpotential of 27 mV and delivers stable cycling performance exceeding 1600 h at 0.5 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> (1 mAh cm<sup>-2</sup>) in symmetric cells. Moreover, a full sodium metal pouch cell incorporating the Na/Ag<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> anode achieves a high energy density of 425.5 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup>, underscoring the practical viability of this interfacial design for next-generation high-energy SIBs.