Trace-Cobalt Surface Engineering of Ni-Rich Co-Free Cathodes Unlocks High-Power Density and Long-Cycle Life in Pouch-Type Li-Ion Batteries.
basic_science · Level V
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- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 41100839.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1021/acsnano.5c12594.
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Abstract
Layered Ni-rich Co-free cathodes offer compelling advantages in energy density and cost-effectiveness, but their practical deployment is significantly hindered by structural instability and sluggish charge transfer kinetics. Herein, we report a spinel Li<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>CoO<sub>2</sub> surface-engineered LiNi<sub>0.92</sub>Mn<sub>0.05</sub>Al<sub>0.03</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (Co-NMA) cathode with only ∼2000 ppm Co, in which the efficient utilization of trace Co dramatically enhances both structural integrity and interfacial reaction kinetics. Comprehensive <i>in</i>/<i>ex situ</i> spectrochemical analyses reveal that surface engineering effectively suppresses parasitic interface reactions with negligible O<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub> emission in the first charge process. Concurrently, spinel Li<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>CoO<sub>2</sub> facilitates faster Li<sup>+</sup> diffusion and electron transfer, resulting in lower electrochemical polarization and higher phase-transition reversibility. Consequently, the Co-NMA delivers a high reversible capacity of 225.3 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> at 0.1C and an initial Coulombic efficiency of 93.4%. It retains 62.1% of its capacity retention even at 10C, greatly outperforming the corresponding quaternary NMCA (54.2%) and NMA (49.1%). In pouch-type full cells, the Co-NMA sustains an extended cycle life over 650 cycles with 80% capacity retention, far surpassing NMCA (<320 cycles) and the reported NMA-based cathodes.