Modulation of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Critically Ill Patients: Addressing Seven Key Questions for the Intensivist.

Calabrese, Alberto; Bianchi, Valeria; Picod, Adrien; Bignami, Elena Giovanna; Vincent, Jean-Louis; Taccone, Fabio Silvio; Annoni, Filippo · Anesthesiology · 2026

review · Level V

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Abstract

The renin–angiotensin system plays a central role in the pathophysiology of critical illness, providing opportunities for therapeutic interventions such as angiotensin II in vasodilatory shock, alongside emerging possibilities for alternative renin–angiotensin system modulation.