The role of phosphorus in the solid electrolyte interphase of argyrodite solid electrolytes.

Burton, Matthew; Jagger, Ben; Liang, Yi; Gibson, Joshua S; Aspinall, Jack; Long, Zhongdui; Swallow, Jack E N; Weatherup, Robert S et al. · Nat Commun · 2025

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

The solid electrolyte interphase that forms on Li<sub>6</sub>PS<sub>5</sub>Cl argyrodite solid electrolytes has been reported to continually grow through a diffusion-controlled process, yet this process is not fully understood. Here, we use a combination of electrochemical and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques to elucidate the role of phosphorus in this growth mechanism. We uncover how Li<sub>6</sub>PS<sub>5</sub>Cl can decompose at potentials well above the full reduction to Li<sub>3</sub>P, forming partially lithiated phosphorus species, Li<sub>x</sub>P. We provide evidence of a gradient of Li<sub>x</sub>P species throughout the solid electrolyte interphase and propose a growth mechanism in which the rate-determining step is the diffusion of lithium through Li<sub>x</sub>P. We predict continuous solid electrolyte interphase growth as long as metallic lithium is present and a Li<sub>x</sub>P percolation pathway exists, highlighting the importance of understanding and engineering solid electrolyte interphase composition and nanostructure in solid-state batteries. We believe that this growth mechanism would apply to any solid electrolyte interphase that can contain partially lithiated phosphorus, or potentially any lithium alloy.