Modulating physicochemical interfaces enables li-rich oxides based ceramic solid-state li batteries under ambient conditions.

Abstract

Li-rich layered oxides exhibit promising potential applications in high-energy-density solid-state lithium metal batteries. Nevertheless, the strong oxidative oxygen species generate at high voltage, which poses great challenges to positive electrode-side interface stability. Herein, a robust in-situ polymerization gel polymer electrolyte with bifunctional additives is designed for interface modification. These additives, include lithium difluoro(oxalate) borate and LiPO₂F₂, regulate the Li⁺ chemical environment in gel polymer electrolyte to enhance crosslink density without residual oligomer, which reduce gas generation and suppress contact loss, thus avoiding interfacial impedance divergence. Concurrently, the designed gel polymer electrolyte enables a wide electrochemical stability window (up to 4.7 V) and a high Li⁺ transference number (0.82). Additionally, the additives induced F- and B-rich inorganic cathode-electrolyte interphase inhibits side reactions and oxygen/transition metal loss effectively, stabilizing the chemical interface. The as-constructed Li-rich layered oxides-based ceramic solid-state lithium metal batteries with gel polymer electrolyte interface modification exert a high discharge capacity of 276.5 mAh g^-1 at 30 °C without external pressure, delivering a retention of 81.7% after 100 cycles at 25 mA g^-1 during 2.0-4.7 V. This work provides a guideline for developing high-voltage solid-state lithium metal batteries via interfacial design.