Mendelian randomization study implicates inflammaging biomarkers in retinal vasculature, cardiovascular diseases, and longevity.

Villaplana-Velasco, Ana; Perrot, Nicolas; Hang, Yu; Chong, Michael; Trucco, Emanuele; Mookiah, Muthu R K; Nelson, Walter; Petch, Jeremy et al. · Sci Adv · 2025

other · Level V

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Abstract

With the increasing proportion of elderly individuals, understanding biological mechanisms of aging is critical. Retinal vascular complexity, measured as fractal dimension (<i>D</i><sub>f</sub>) from fundus photographs, has emerged as a vascular aging indicator. We conducted a genome-wide association study of <i>D</i><sub>f</sub> on 74,434 participants from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, Genetics of Diabetes Audit and Research in Tayside Scotland, and UK Biobank cohorts. We identified a novel locus near <i>DAAM1</i>. We found negative genetic correlations between <i>D</i><sub>f</sub> and cardiovascular disease, stroke, and inflammation but a positive correlation with life span. By combining the genetic determinants of 1159 circulating proteins from the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological cohort with those of <i>D</i><sub>f</sub> using Mendelian randomization, we identified eight causal mediators, including MMP12 and IgG-Fc receptor IIb, which link higher inflammation to lower <i>D</i><sub>f</sub>, increased cardiovascular disease risk, and shorter life span. These results extend our understanding of the biological pathways underlying aging processes and inform targets to prevention and treatment.

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