Surgery and public health: Case studies of surgeons working at the intersection of research and advocacy.

Abstract

This article explores the transformative role of surgeons as advocates, highlighting how clinical expertise and research can drive systemic change in health care policy and equity. The stories of 3 surgeon-advocates, Dr Dorry L. Segev, Dr Charles Modlin, and Dr Marie L. Crandall, illustrate how data-driven inquiry and public engagement converge to address disparities in access and outcomes. Dr Segev's pioneering work in HIV-positive organ transplantation led to the passage of the HIV Organ Policy Equity (HOPE) Act, reshaping federal transplant policy and expanding access for people living with HIV. His strategic blend of research, advocacy, and legislative action exemplifies how surgeons can influence national health policy. Dr Modlin's career reflects a deep commitment to health equity, particularly for minority populations. As one of the first African American transplant surgeons, he combined clinical research with community outreach, which has led to sustained successes such as the Minority Men's Health Fair. His research has illuminated racial disparities in transplant access and outcomes, furthering culturally competent care. Dr Crandall's research in Chicago used GIS mapping to identify "trauma deserts," revealing how geographic and socioeconomic factors impact survival from gunshot wounds. Her findings informed community activism and policy discussions, contributing to the establishment of a new trauma center in a previously underserved area. Together, these case studies underscore the power of surgeon advocacy to inform policy, engage communities, and promote equitable health care. With continued integration of research and advocacy in surgical practice, we can collectively address structural inequities and improve patient outcomes.