Feeding the Gap: Screening for Food Insecurity and Linking Families to WIC Support.

Abstract

In response to persistently low enrollment in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) across Tennessee, the WIC Champions group conducted a statewide survey to evaluate healthcare providers' practices and barriers in screening for food insecurity and referring patients to WIC. The survey, conducted from November 2023 to February 2024, included 70 diverse healthcare professionals across 28 Tennessee counties. Findings revealed that 88% of providers screen for food insecurity and 95% believe it is vital to patient health. However, only 67% felt familiar with local resources for referrals, and significant barriers including limited staff, time, and resource availability were reported. Despite 90% of respondents being familiar with WIC, only 39% made direct referrals, with many relying on less structured methods such as verbal encouragement or providing contact information. Surveyed providers identified the need for improved outreach materials, better integration with electronic health records, and dedicated referral staff. The findings highlight the critical role of healthcare settings in addressing food insecurity but underscore systemic barriers that impede effective WIC referrals. Enhanced support, training, and infrastructure are necessary to empower providers and expand WIC access, aligning with key national strategies to combat hunger and improve public health outcomes.