A ductile solid electrolyte interphase for solid-state batteries.
basic_science · Level V
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- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 41162700.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1038/s41586-025-09675-8.
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Abstract
Solid-state lithium metal batteries are facing huge challenges under practical working conditions<sup>1,2</sup>. Even when the ionic conductivity of composite solid-state electrolytes is increased to 1 mS cm<sup>-1</sup>, it is still difficult to realize long-life cycling of solid-state batteries above a current density of 1 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> and an areal capacity of 1 mAh cm<sup>-2</sup> (ref. <sup>3</sup>). The fundamental cause is the brittle nature of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) with sluggish lithium-ion transport and the resulting lithium dendrites and severe side reactions. Here we report a ductile inorganic-rich SEI that retains its structural integrity while allowing easy ion diffusion at high current densities and areal capacities. The ductility of the SEI is ascribed to the Ag<sub>2</sub>S and AgF components, which are formed by a substitution reaction between Li<sub>2</sub>S/LiF in the SEI and AgNO<sub>3</sub> in the dielectric composite electrolytes. Even at a high current density of 15 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> and an areal capacity of 15 mAh cm<sup>-2</sup>, a symmetrical lithium cell with such an SEI has a long cycle life of over 4,500 hours. Furthermore, the ductile SEI also works over 7,000 hours at -30 °C, even under practical conditions of 5 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> and 5 mAh cm<sup>-2</sup>.