Four-Dimensional Dynamic Multicolor Emission in MgGa2O4:Tb3⁺ Through Orthogonal Modulation of Excitation Wavelength, Time, Temperature and Pressure.

Abstract

Multimodal luminescence materials exhibiting multiple stimulus responses are highly favored in optical anti-counterfeiting and information encryption applications. However, this static luminescence under fixed stimuli remains vulnerable to replication. The development of dynamic multicolor luminescent materials offers an effective solution, yet integrating multidimensional dynamic luminescence within a single material remains challenge. Here, this work introduces Tb³⁺ capture centers into the self-activated luminescent host MgGa₂O₄-featuring an alternating layered structure and abundant defects-to construct efficient energy transfer channels. This design enables not only static multicolor luminescence dependent on concentration and interplanar spacing, but also, for the first time, stable dynamic multicolor luminescence modulated by four independent dimensions: excitation wavelength, time, temperature, and pressure. In particular, the time domain reveals dynamic photoluminescence with tunable evolution rates, as well as visible-near-infrared dual-band persistent luminescence. These unique optical properties provide strong potential for advanced anti-counterfeiting and visual temperature/stress sensing. Moreover, this work proposes a 4D coupled dynamic encryption system that integrates self-destruction protection and memory fault-tolerance, thereby greatly reducing the risk of information leakage. Combined experimental and theoretical analyses further elucidate the underlying mechanisms, opening new avenues for the design of multidimensional dynamic multicolor luminescent materials.