Clinical Outcomes Following Cervical Deformity Correction.

Abstract

This narrative review focuses on advances in clinical outcomes following adult cervical spinal deformity (CSD) surgery over the past decade. Progress is highlighted in 4 domains: radiographic alignment targets, preoperative risk stratification, surgical techniques, and long-term operative outcomes. The predominant trend across these advances has been towards a patient-specific approach for addressing cervical deformity. We anticipate that future progress will continue this patient-specific approach with refined preoperative optimization, patient-specific biomechanical modeling including digital twins with associated tailored instrumentation, and widespread adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) to predict postoperative outcomes.