Live attenuated influenza vaccine with low proportions of defective interfering particles elicits robust immunogenicity and cross-protection.
basic_science · Level V
Where this comes from
- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 41173917.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1038/s41467-025-64651-0 and PMC identifier 12579202.
- Licence recorded as CC BY-NC-ND.
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Abstract
Commercial live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) usually contain a high proportion of defective interfering particles (DIPs). Given that LAIVs are not sufficiently protective worldwide, the potential to enhance their efficacy by reducing the proportion of DIPs remains largely unknown. In this study, a prepared H3N2 cold-adapted LAIV with a low proportion of DIPs exhibits delayed yet improved replication in the upper respiratory tract of mice. The low DIPs LAIV induces an increase in goblet cells, microfold cells, and neutrophils, along with enhanced antigen presentation by dendritic cells. Compared to the commercially sourced high DIPs LAIV, the low DIPs LAIV elicits enhanced mucosal and humoral immune responses, facilitates cross-neutralization in mice, and provides complete protection against lethal challenges with H3N2, H1N1 or H1N1pdm09 strains. This study offers insights into optimizing commercial LAIVs and replicative RNA virus-based vaccines by controlling DIPs.
Medical subject headings
- Influenza Vaccines
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections
- Cross Protection
- Defective Viruses
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine