Collaborative goal setting within student-led musculoskeletal physiotherapy services: a qualitative analysis using the ICF framework.

Abstract

Musculoskeletal conditions are a significant public health concern, contributing to socioeconomic burden and morbidity. Goal setting within physiotherapy enhances therapeutic alliances and aligns patient and therapist objectives. However, the goal setting practices of student physiotherapists remain underexplored. This prospective qualitative study was conducted at a student-led musculoskeletal physiotherapy service. Goals were collaboratively established with adult participants (<i>n</i> = 99) using the Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) and interviews. Written goals were qualitatively analysed and categorised to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Nearly all participants (<i>n</i> = 98) set goals during their initial appointment, with most (<i>n</i> = 95) using both the PSFS and interviews. All goals were categorised within the ICF. Most goals (39.6%) related to the Activities component of the ICF, followed by Participation (23.3%), with the remainder in Body Functions and Structures. Goals for upper and lower limbs primarily addressed Activities, while neck and back goals centred on Body Functions and Structures. Goal setting is widely adopted by student physiotherapists, predominantly focusing on Activities and Participation, reflecting an emphasis on outcomes aligned to patient centred care. Findings provide insight into goal setting within student-led services and highlight the value of supporting comprehensive goal setting practices in physiotherapy education.