High-Acceptor Fluoroalcohol Mediated Anion-Solvation Enables Durable Zn-V Batteries.
basic_science · Level V
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- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 41178164.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1002/adma.202517287.
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Abstract
Aqueous zinc batteries (AZBs) are promising low-cost and safe energy storage devices, yet suffer from dendrite growth and parasitic reactions caused by H<sub>2</sub>O-rich solvation structure in conventional electrolytes. While high donor number (DN) co-solvent strategies effectively reduce the H<sub>2</sub>O molecules in Zn<sup>2+</sup> inner solvation sheath, they fail to facilitate Zn<sup>2</sup>⁺ migration or de-solvation. Herein, an anion-solvation strategy using a high acceptor number (AN) co-solvent, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propanol (TFP), is proposed to address these challenges. Rationally, TFP with high AN strongly promotes TFP-anion and TFP-H<sub>2</sub>O interactions while reducing their interaction with Zn<sup>2</sup>⁺, leading to a H<sub>2</sub>O-poor Zn<sup>2+</sup> solvation sheath, which not only enhances Zn<sup>2</sup>⁺ transference number and de-solvation kinetics but also lowers H<sub>2</sub>O activity to suppress parasitic reactions and cathode dissolution. Hence, this anion-solvation electrolyte bestows highly reversible Zn plating/striping over 9000 h with a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.8%. The Zn-V full cell delivers outstanding cycling performance, maintaining 98.8% capacity after 200 cycles at 0.25 A g<sup>-1</sup> and 96.3% capacity after 900 cycles at 1 A g<sup>-1</sup>. This anion-solvation strategy opens up a new frontier in electrolyte developments toward high-performance aqueous batteries.