Cost-Effective Passive Ammonia Fuel Cells via Synergistic Integration of Optimized Membrane Electrode Assembly and Prototype.
basic_science · Level V
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- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 41194351.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1002/adma.202510855.
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Abstract
Passive ammonia fuel cells (PAFCs) offer modular adaptability but face dual challenges: limited power density and dependency on noble metals. Here, a comprehensive strategy is presented to address these issues through coordinated materials and system design. Pre-oxidized nickel substrates direct the formation of β-phase NiOOH/Ni<sub>3</sub>P (β-NiOOH/Ni<sub>3</sub>P) heterointerfaces in anode, significantly enhancing ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR) kinetics with a high current density of 171 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> at 0.7 V. A spinel-structured MnCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/C cathode catalyst demonstrates remarkable ammonia tolerance and outperforms Pt/C in stability. A polytetrafluoroethylene/layered double hydroxide (PTFE/LDH) composite membrane is also introduced, which effectively reduces ammonia crossover. Their integration with an optimized graphite prototype further enhances PAFCs' efficiency and stability. This synergistic multi-phase optimization enables record-breaking performance for non-noble metal-based PAFCs, achieving a peak power density (PPD) of 61 mW cm<sup>-2</sup> and an open circuit voltage (OCV) of 0.87 V (outperforming Pt-based PAFCs). Stable discharge can be sustained by the present PAFC for 9 h by replenishing the ammonia supply. This work establishes a prototype-to-performance strategy for cost-effective PAFC, highlighting the potential of non-noble metal catalysts in ammonia electrochemical energy conversion.