Heterogeneous integration of ultrawide bandgap semiconductors for radio frequency power devices.

Zhou, Hong; Zhou, Min; Xiang, Mingjie; Gong, Hehe; Gao, Guangjie; Wang, Chenlu; Zhang, Yachao; Dang, Kui et al. · Sci Adv · 2025

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Ultrawide bandgap (UWBG) semiconductors offer high critical electric fields and saturation velocities ideal for radio frequency (rf) devices, but achieving both shallow-level doping and high thermal conductivity (<i>k</i><sub>T</sub>) in a single material remains difficult. We demonstrate a scalable, exfoliation-based layer-transfer process to heterogeneously integrate gallium oxide (Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) thin films with shallow dopants onto high-<i>k</i><sub>T</sub> aluminum nitride (AlN) substrates. This method obviates ion implantation and interfacial dielectric layers used in conventional approaches. A large conduction band offset (3.4 electron volts) at the Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/AlN interface improves electron confinement in the Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> channel. T-gate rf power transistors achieve a maximum oscillation frequency of 90 gigahertz and output power densities of 4.6 watts per millimeter at 2 gigahertz and 4.1 watts per millimeter at 6 gigahertz-among the highest for UWBG devices. A minimal noise figure of 0.48 decibels at 8 gigahertz-among the lowest reported in this frequency range-further highlights the platform's promise for next-generation rf applications.