Extending the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) Common Data Model for Critical Care Medicine: A Framework for Standardizing Complex ICU Data Using the Society of Critical Care Medicine's Critical Care Data Dictionary (C2D2).

Abstract

To evaluate the compatibility of the Society of Critical Care Medicine's (SCCM) Critical Care Data Dictionary (C2D2) with the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) Common Data Model (CDM) and initiate a set of steps extending OMOP to accommodate specialized critical care data elements. Systematic analysis and mapping study using a three-tiered semantic matching approach to demonstrate technical feasibility and identify fundamental challenges in critical care data standardization. Critical care medicine informatics research environment. The SCCM's C2D2 elements. None. We evaluated the compatibility of C2D2 clinical variables with the OMOP CDM using a three-tier classification system (full match, partial match, and no match). Our analysis of 226 C2D2 elements revealed that 49.6% of concepts had full OMOP equivalents, 46.4% required modification, and 4.0% had no suitable mapping. Key incompatibilities were identified in ventilator parameters, composite scoring systems, and advanced organ support documentation. A large language model-based semantic matching system yielded a precision of 59.5%, recall of 87.0%, and F1 score of 70.7% at an optimized similarity threshold of 0.90. These findings highlight the need to harmonize data standardization approaches within the field of critical care, including how to handle concept stacking within single variables, age-specific criteria, and specialized constructs that were curated through the SCCM Delphi process, but reveal an OMOP mapping incompatibility or missing variables. Extending the OMOP CDM for critical care is technically feasible and requires targeted modifications to accommodate composite scores, temporal precision, and specialized critical care concepts as well as the resources needed to support this build. The community acutely faces crucial decisions about whether to pursue OMOP integration, adapt the C2D2 for version 2.0 compatibility, work toward OMOP vocabulary inclusion through Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics processes, or collaborate with electronic health record vendors for native critical care standards support. These decisions require balancing technical feasibility with long-term sustainability and maintenance considerations.