From physiology to pathology in the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD.

Berk, Michael · Br J Psychiatry · 2026

editorial · Level V

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Abstract

A phenomenon distinctive to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is that the effects of stimulants are evident in domains of attention, mood, energy and focus, independent of the presence of an ADHD diagnosis. This reflects recreational use of stimulants for these and other effects. Perceived treatment response probably reinforces diagnosis, and hence diagnostic and prescribing habits.

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