Prevalence and awareness of median nerve compression (carpal tunnel syndrome) in Hail City residents, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.

Abstract

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common peripheral neuropathy causing pain, tingling, and numbness in the hand and arm due to compression of the median nerve. While the cause is often idiopathic, several wrist-related conditions are associated with its development. Splinting is the first-line treatment in mild to moderate cases. Corticosteroid injections offer symptom relief for up to 10 weeks and may delay surgery for up to a year. In severe cases, surgical intervention is recommended, providing better long-term relief than conservative measures. Due to the scarcity of research on CTS in Saudi Arabia, particularly in Hail City, and conflicting findings in previous studies, this study aims to assess the prevalence and awareness of CTS among residents of Hail. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 517 residents of Hail City. Participants completed a 14-question survey (closed and open-ended). Data were collected through Google Forms and analyzed using SPSS software. Only 56 participants (10.8%) showed good awareness of CTS, while 461 (89.2%) had poor awareness. A significant association was found between awareness level and demographic factors such as age and gender. The prevalence of CTS in the Hail region was 10.6%, which is considered high given the low awareness level. Adults in Hail City have insufficient awareness of CTS and its symptoms. Public health campaigns should be implemented regularly to raise awareness, promote early detection, and encourage timely treatment to prevent complications.