A cross-sectional study to assess choice of tubal ligation over vasectomy in tribal women of Eastern Gujarat.

Abstract

Since gaining independence, India has prioritized managing its population growth, becoming the first nation to implement a national family planning program. Despite these efforts, female sterilization remains the predominant method of contraception, with a significant gender disparity in sterilization practices. This study focuses on the sociocultural factors influencing indigenous women in Gujarat's Dahod District to choose tubectomy over vasectomy. A cross-sectional study design was employed, involving 227 tribal women who had undergone tubal ligation. Data were collected through structured interviews conducted in local dialects, focusing on sociocultural norms, reproductive history, and decision-making processes. Findings indicated that awareness of vasectomy was limited, with only 24.23% of participants knowing about it, compared to the widespread practice of female sterilization. The study revealed a significant correlation between Higher education levels and increased awareness of male contraception (<i>P</i> = 0.002<i>)</i>. Similarly, socioeconomic status played a crucial role, with wealthier individuals more likely to be aware of vasectomy (<i>P</i> = 0.001<i>)</i>. However, cultural and sociological barriers, including fears of reduced job efficiency (10.91%) and physical weakness (30.91%) among men, alongside spousal disapproval (58.18%), were major deterrents to the adoption of vasectomy. The significant influence of healthcare personnel in motivating tubectomy (70.04%) also highlights the systemic bias toward female sterilization. The study underscores the need for targeted innervations to address the deep-rooted cultural beliefs and gender biases that limit the adoption of male sterilization methods. It suggests that enhancing education outreach and addressing sociocultural barriers could promote more balanced family planning practices. The finding emphasizes the importance of culturally sensitive health policies that respect Indigenous perspectives while promoting informed decision-making and equitable access to reproductive health services. This research contributes to understanding the complex interplay of cultural, educational, and socioeconomic factors in family planning choices among tribal women in India.