Research progress in computer-aided diagnosis systems for lung cancer.

Ma, Ke; Zheng, Min; Chen, Wenli; Qi, Yunxiang; Rong, Hao · NPJ Digit Med · 2025

review · Level V

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Abstract

Lung cancer remains the top cause of cancer death, demanding consistent decisions. This clinically oriented review synthesizes computer-aided diagnosis across classical imaging, machine learning, and deep learning, emphasizing bedside-proven advances: multimodal CT/PET-clinical fusion; small-data strategies; interpretable AI; and privacy-preserving multi-center learning. Reported systems reach AUC ≥ 0.95 with <0.1 false positives/CT and boost early detection by ~20-30%; prognostic C-index ~0.85-0.90. We outline implementation checkpoints and priorities to convert accuracy into patient benefit.