Demonstration of CMOS-compatible memristor-based electrochemical biosensor transducer with threshold-sensing functionality.

Kim, Young-Joon; Kwon, Youna; Yoo, Youngwoo; Theyagarajan, Kandaswamy; Saikrithika, Sairaman; Lee, Aryeong; Bae, Nam Ho; Lee, Won-Chul et al. · Nat Commun · 2025

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Many electrochemical biosensors operate based on a threshold-sensing (TS) method, which indicates the presence of a disease when the concentration of a biomarker exceeds a predetermined, disease-specific threshold. The TS in biosensor systems is often implemented using power-hungry signal processing (SP) modules or computers, which increases energy consumption and system complexity. Here, we propose a memristor-based bio-to-electrical transducer with built-in TS functionality, allowing TS to be performed directly within the transducer instead of relying on SP modules and computers. Fabricated resistive random-access memory-based TaO<sub>X</sub>/Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> memristors meet the transducer requirements, such as a high on/off ratio greater than 30 while maintaining a long unit pulse width exceeding 10 μs. The intended operation of the proposed transducer was experimentally confirmed by the immediate change in resistance of the memristor (R<sub>M</sub>) from high resistance state to low resistance state. Using this proposed transducer, a complete electrochemical biosensor system was implemented by integrating a sensor electrode for pH sensing, an SP module, and a display with the proposed transducer. The memristor-based system offers flexible control of the threshold pH point through a simple design, making it well-suited for point-of-care diagnostics, where portability is highly essential.

Medical subject headings