Thermodynamic framework for assessing dissolutive wetting behaviors in metallic systems.
basic_science · Level V
Where this comes from
- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 41339623.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1038/s41467-025-67008-9 and PMC identifier 12789441.
- Licence recorded as CC BY.
- The licence permits redistribution, so the abstract is shown in full and the full text is available from the publisher.
Abstract
Despite its significance in practical applications, until today dissolutive wetting in metallic systems remains poorly understood due to the intricate liquid/solid interactions. In this study, we investigate nine metallic systems encompassing a vast range of thermodynamic behaviors. Our findings reveal three distinct wetting behaviors and identify two key thermodynamic parameters that control solid solution formation and then dissolutive wetting behaviors, namely the solubility of the substrate element in the liquid ( <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <msub><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow> <mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow> </msub> </math> ) and the solidification composition range ( <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <msub><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow> <mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow> </msub> </math> ). We observe a slow spreading due to the step flow mechanism in systems with a relatively low <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <msub><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow> <mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow> </msub> </math> and narrow <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <msub><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow> <mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow> </msub> </math> . For systems with high <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <msub><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow> <mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow> </msub> </math> , the spreading begins relatively fast and transitions to the step flow mechanism when <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <msub><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow> <mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow> </msub> </math> is reached. Systems with a large <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <msub><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow> <mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow> </msub> </math> , conversely, exhibit consistently fast spreading. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations provide deeper insights into the underlying atomistic mechanisms affecting the solid solution formation. Our results offer inspiration for optimizing high-temperature processing techniques, such as welding, coating and high temperature infiltrating.