Delocalized Electron System Enables Stable NASICON Cathode for Sodium-Ion Batteries.
basic_science · Level V
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- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 41343486.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c04750.
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Abstract
The NASICON-type Na<sub>3</sub>MnTi(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> is a promising sodium-ion battery cathode material due to its considerable theoretical specific capacity. However, its practical implementation is hindered by inferior kinetics and a stepwise phase transition. Here, we show a multi-<i>d</i>-electron approach for synthesizing a novel NASICON-type material, Na<sub>3.5</sub>V<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>0.5</sub>Cr<sub>0.5</sub>Ti<sub>0.5</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>, with a delocalized electron system that facilitates electrochemical kinetics and a stable single-phase reaction mechanism with minimal volume change (1.8%). This effectively breaks the performance trade-off among high-rate capability (98.9 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> at 40 C), long-term cycling (88.3% after 10,000 cycles at 40 C), and operation over a temperature range of -40 to 50 °C. Importantly, the pouch-type full cell demonstrates its practical feasibility by achieving 85.2% capacity retention after 500 cycles. This study sheds new light on delocalized electron-driven reaction dynamics and the modulation of phase transitions to realize a high-performance NASICON cathode for sodium-ion batteries.