Fluctuation theorems for autonomous work.

Abstract

Classical fluctuation theorems for work have been obtained theoretically, and verified experimentally, within a nonautonomous framework in which work is performed on a system of interest, [Formula: see text], by the external manipulation of a work parameter, such as a piston's position. Here, we obtain fluctuation theorems within an autonomous framework in which [Formula: see text] exchanges energy with a reversible work source, [Formula: see text]. The two subsystems, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], interact with one another as they evolve under Hamiltonian or stochastic dynamics, without external intervention. In this setting, we must account for the backaction of [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text], which is absent in the nonautonomous setting. We obtain autonomous versions of standard fluctuation theorems for work and entropy production. In each case, we argue, the autonomous fluctuation theorem reduces to its nonautonomous counterpart when [Formula: see text]'s inertia becomes infinitely large.