Sleep heterogeneity in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: correlations with glycemic control, stigma, and resilience.

Abstract

Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes face sleep challenges that increase their disease management burden. This study aimed to identify sleep patterns in adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes and explore their association with glycemic control and psychosocial factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted. The Type 1 Diabetes Stigma Assessment Scale, Diabetes Strengths and Resilience Measure for Adolescents, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used to assess adolescents' psychosocial information and sleep quality. Latent profile analysis, linear regression analysis, and multinomial logistic regression analysis were used. A total of 269 adolescents with Type 1 diabetes were included (age of 13.09 ± 2.60 years). Three patterns of sleep quality were identified: the "daytime dysfunction"(19.33%), the "poor sleep efficiency"(13.38%), and the "good sleep" group(67.29%). Lower sleep efficiency was associated with poorer glycemic control. Higher complaint and comment, along with lower help-seeking, were associated with membership in either the "daytime dysfunction group" or the "poor sleep efficiency group". Low family resources are associated with being categorized as the "daytime dysfunction group". Sleep quality among adolescents with Type 1 diabetes showed heterogeneity. Interventions targeting diabetes-related stigma and bolstering resilience are crucial for improving sleep quality in this population. The sleep patterns of adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes are heterogeneous. The sleep patterns of adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes were classified into "daytime dysfunction", "poor sleep efficiency", and "good sleep". The poor sleep efficiency group had a significantly lower glycemic control level than the good sleep group. Adolescents with more severe stigma and lower levels of resilience are associated with being categorized as the "daytime dysfunction" or "poor sleep efficiency" group. Interventions targeting stigma may improve sleep and glycemic control of adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes.