Reciprocal frame design for large-scale timber construction.

Abstract

Timber structures are attracting increasing interest due to their sustainability, especially as reinforced concrete proves less durable and more environmentally harmful than expected. However, the availability of large-scale timber suitable for modern structural engineering remains limited. Reciprocal frames, which use small components to span large areas, offer architectural possibilities in timber construction but are constrained by limited curve adaptability and insufficient structural performance. Here, we introduce a reciprocal frame configuration that enhances morphological adaptability and structural redundancy. The design preserves the benefits of small-scale modularity and large-span capability while enabling rapid deployment, cost-efficiency, and improved structural integrity. It offers a renewable, low-cost, and flexible solution for large-scale construction.